Welcome to my blog!

Hello everyone! Thanks for surfing on by. For people interested in what Russian adoption was like (and probably is still like), please see the links to the left. Since Putin shut down adoptions of Russian orphans by Americans because we passed a law that targeted Russian corruption, I hope that non-American parents will find my narrative helpful!



For those of you interested in my music (saxophone), go to: http://www.jamesbjork.com

So what do I do for a living? I am Associate Professor in the Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).  I am a principal investigator (PI) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study www.abcdstudy.org at VCU. I conduct research on the brain biology of impulsivity and addiction in human subjects by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and specially-designed laboratory performance tasks.  I find it fascinating to study the brains and behavior of individuals who lack self-control: like criminals, drug addicts, teenagers with behavior disorders, and the President. I also research how the brain processes rewards and risks as we age from adolescence to adulthood.

Why do people who are bright enough to hold a decent conversation do really impulsive things that wreck their lives or the lives of others- such as become dependent on drugs or alcohol, or kill someone in the heat of the moment? This burning question has driven my career in biomedical research. To help advance our understanding of the neurobiology of impulsivity, I have studied hundreds of messed-up people in the laboratory using a variety of measures-- from questionnaires, to carefully-calibrated laboratory tasks of behavior, to genetics, to structural and functional neuroimaging. With one exception, all my research has been on human volunteers, who can sometimes be more difficult to study than rats or monkeys.





Here are some of my peer-reviewed publications:


Bjork, J.M., Straub, L.K., Provost, R.G., Neale, M.C. (In Press) The ABCD study of neurodevelopment: Identifying neurocircuit targets for prevention and treatment of adolescent substance abuse. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry.

Bjork, J.M., Burroughs, T.K., Franke, L.M., Pickett, T.C., Johns, S.E., Moeller, F.G., Walker, W.C. (2017)  Rapid-response impulsivity predicts depression and PTSD symptomatology at 1-year follow-up in blast-exposed service members. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Apr 22. pii: S0003-9993(17)30255-1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.03.022. [Epub ahead of print]

Newman, E., Jernigan, T.L., Lisdahl, K.M., Tamm, L., Tapert, S.F., Potkin, S.G., Mathalon, D., Molina, B., Bjork, J., Castellanos, F. X., Swanson, J.M., Kuperman, J.M., Bartsch, H., Chen, C., Dale, A.M., Epstein, J.N., & MTA Neuroimaging Group (2016) Go/No Go Task Performance Predicts Cortical Thickness in the Caudal Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Young Adults with and without ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav. Sep;10(3):880-92. doi: 10.1007/s11682-015-9453-x.

Bjork, J.M., Burroughs, T.K., Franke, L.M., Pickett, T.C., Johns, S.E., Moeller, F.G., Walker, W.C. (2016)  Laboratory impulsivity and depression in blast-exposed military personnel with post-concussion syndrome. Psychiatry Research 246: 321-325.

Rasmussen, R., Casey, B.J., van Erp, T.G.M., Tamm, L., Epstein, J.N., Buss, C., Bjork, J.M., Molina, B.S.G., Velanova, K., Mathalon, D.H., Somerville, L., Swanson, J.M., Wigal, T.L., Arnold, L.E., Potkin, S.G., & MTA Neuroimaging Group (2016). ADHD and Cannabis Use in Young Adults Examined Using fMRI of a Go/NoGo Task. Brain Imaging and Behavior 10(3): 761-771.

Zhu, X., Sundby, K., Bjork, J.M., Momenan, R. (2016) Alcohol Dependence and Altered Engagement of Neural Networks in Risky Decisions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10: Article 142. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00142

Lisdahl, K.M., Tamm, L., Epstein, J.N., Jernigan, T., Molina, B.S.G., 4, Hinshaw, S.P., Swanson, J.M., Newman, E., Kelly,C., Bjork, J.M., MTA Neuroimaging Group (2016) The Impact of ADHD Persistence, Recent Cannabis Use, and Age of Regular Cannabis Use Onset on Subcortical Volume and Cortical Thickness in Young Adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 161:135-146.

Ma, L., Steinberg, J.L., Cunningham, K.A., Lane, S.D., Bjork, J.M., Neelakantan, H., Price, A.E., Narayana, P.A., Kosten, T.R., Bechara, A., Moeller, F.G. (2015) Inhibitory behavioral control: A stochastic dynamic causal modeling study comparing cocaine dependent subjects and controls. Neuroimage: Clinical: 7:837-47.

Gilman, J.M., Bjork, J.M., Wilens, T. (2015) Task-elicited brain signals in psychiatric disorders: What can they tell us in the absence of behavioral differences? Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 5: 333-337

Bjork, J.M., Pardini, D.A. (2015) Who are those “risk-taking adolescents”?  Individual differences in developmental neuroimaging research. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 11: 56-64.

Gilman, J.M., Smith, A.R., Bjork, J.M., Ramchandani, V.A., Momenan, R., Hommer, D.W.  (2015) Cumulative Gains Enhance Striatal Response to Reward Opportunities in Alcohol-dependent Patients.  Addiction Biology 20(3):580-93.

Bjork, J.M., Grant, S.J., Chen, G., Hommer, D.W. (2014) Dietary tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion effects on behavioral and brain signatures of human motivational processing.  Neuropsychopharmacology 39(3):595-604.

Bjork, J.M., Gilman, J.M (2014) The effects of acute alcohol administration on the human brain:  Insights from neuroimaging. Neuropharmacology 39(3):595-604.

Barch, D.M., Burgess, G.C., Harms, M.P., Petersen, S.E., Schlaggar, B.L., Corbetta, M., Glasser, M., Curtiss, S., Dixit, S., Feldt, C., Nolan, D., Bryant, E., Hartley, T., Footer, O., Bjork, J.M., Poldrack, R., Smith, S.; Snyder, A.Z., Van Essen, D.C., WU-Minn HCP Consortium (2013) Function in the Human Connectome: Task-fMRI and Individual Differences in Behavior. NeuroImage 80: 169-189.

Bjork, J.M., Lynne-Landsman, S.D., Sirocco, K., Boyce, C.A. (2012) Brain Maturation and Risky Behavior:  The Promise and the Challenges of Neuroimaging-based Accounts. Child Development Perspectives 6: 382-391.

Bjork, J.M., Smith, A.R., Chen, G., Hommer, D.W. (2012) Mesolimbic recruitment by nondrug rewards in detoxified alcoholics: effort anticipation, reward anticipation and reward delivery.  Human Brain Mapping 33 2174-88. DOI 10.1002/hbm.21351.

Bjork, J.M., Chen, G., Hommer, D.W. (2012) Psychopathic tendencies and mesolimbic recruitment by cues for instrumental and passively-obtained rewards.  Biological Psychology 89: 408-412.

Bjork, J.M., Smith, A.R., Chen, G., Hommer, D.W. (2011) Psychosocial problems and recruitment of incentive neurocircuitry by potential rewards: Exploring individual differences in healthy adolescents Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 1 (4): 570-577.

Hommer, D.W., Bjork, J.M., Gilman, J.M. (2011) Imaging brain response to reward in addictive disorders.  Ann N Y Acad Sci 1216: 50-61.

Bjork, J.M., Smith, A.R., Chen, G., Hommer, D.W. (2010) Adolescents, adults, and rewards: comparing motivational neurocircuitry recruitment using fMRI.  PLoS ONE 5(7):e11440.

Bjork, J.M., Chen, G., Smith, A.R., Hommer, D.W. (2010) Incentive-elicited mesolimbic activation and externalizing symptomatology in adolescents.  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 51(7): 827-37.

Bjork, J.M., Momenan, R., Hommer, D.W. (2009) Delay discounting correlates with proportional frontocortical volumes.  Biological Psychiatry 65: 710-713.

Bjork, J.M., Grant, S.J. (2009) Does traumatic brain injury increase risk for substance abuse? J Neurotrauma 26(7):1077-82. doi: 10.1089/neu.2008-0849.

Deciding on adoption

Adopting our sons Matthew (in 2004) and Andrew (in 2006) has enriched our lives! Here I describe how we came to the decision to take these leaps of faith. We hope this story will motivate you to rescue a young life in need if biology dealt you a bad hand, or even if you just have room in your heart and another place at your table.


Uterus 1438 to the cashier please

Like many adoptive parents, our story began with some bad biology. After finally getting into a home of our own, Lori and I felt ready to go for kids. After going 0-for-18 after Lori went off the pill, we went to a local fertility clinic based on a friend’s testimony about the skill and demeanor of one of their physicians, who I admit, was very good at what he does, and is pleasant. He did some tests and told us that biology passed us by ahead of our time....

The waiting room was universally occupied by other 30-and 40-something professionals, many of whom (like us) waited too long to try to have kids. In fertility treatment, you see the doc every now and again but the actual procedures are handled by other clinic staff. These clinic staff people were often very cold, especially the office manager who was a nurse practitioner. Imagine medical care with all the bedside manner of the Department of Motor Vehicles and you will get a pretty good picture of the practice we tried. One visit, I overheard the office manager yelling at a (presumably distraught) unsuccessful client on the phone: “I don’t KNOW why you’re not pregnant!!” Ironically, her bio in the clinic’s literature described her as having founded and organized infertility support groups. This woman must have attended the Sam Kinison School of Counseling. She might as well have given the caller the full Sam treatment: “YOU’RE BARREN!! DEAL WITH IT!!! IT’S NOT OUR FAULT YOU’RE TOO D--N OLD!! MAYBE IF YOU DIDN’T THINK YOU WERE TOO GOOD FOR EVERY GUY YOU MET IN YOUR 20s YOU WOULDN’T BE HERE!!! OH OH OHHHHHHHH!” Even the other office staff, while more pleasant, were still businesslike. They may as well have said: “Uterus 29 to procedure room 3 for sperm injection. Please bring your checkbook with you.” It IS a business after all.

Doc said that realistically, IVF with Lori’s own eggs was a long shot. If we wanted to have success, we would have to use some younger woman’s donated eggs. My health insurance only covered peripheral procedures like blood draws and ultrasounds, not the petri dish stuff, so considering success odds was a huge factor if we were going to blow our life savings. We paid a deposit to get access to their databank of egg donor profiles- complete with voice recordings and listed to several candidates.


Take a hike Barbara Walters

All along, we knew that adoption was also an option. We wanted a baby for the sake of being able to have the experience of parenting an infant at least once. Also, we did not want to dive into parenthood from day 1 with a special needs child if we could knowingly avoid it. Domestic U.S. adoption? Forget it. Here’s why: It’s broken.

1) The wait for a healthy infant can take years, 2) even if you line up a birth mother she could change her mind and/or disappear (this actually happened to my boss’ friends), 3) in our state a birth mother HAS A WHOLE YEAR AFTER PLACEMENT TO CHANGE HER MIND AND GET THE BABY BACK, and most importantly, 4) the demand for non-special-needs infants in America so outstrips supply that birth mothers increasingly retain parental contact privileges in “open adoption.” This is where the birth mother not only knows who is getting her child (and vice versa), but she often will retain visitation rights such that she still gets to be mom at the kids’ birthdays, while the adopting couple has to do all the daily heavy lifting of parenthood. In America, the individuals who donated the gametes involved in the creation of the child (i.e. sperm and egg) get too many rights.

Open adoption was grotesquely illustrated on a Barbara Walters 20/20 episode that featured several couples literally auditioning to be the adoptive parents of a 16-year-old girl’s baby. It was like American Idol for desperate wannabe parents. The promos were enough to turn me off to watching it. Lori and I would brook no shadow parent with any kind of persistent, recurring presence in our child’s life. If open adoption is what it takes to get more American girls and young women to give up their babies, and there are adoptive parents willing to entertain a continuing presence of the birthmother, great. As for us, however, we want to be the 24/7 parents of any child we raise. If either of our adopted children wants to track down his birthmother in the future, we will assist him, and encourage counseling to prepare him for what he might encounter.

So we decided that if we were going to adopt an infant, it would be from abroad. Why Russia for international adoption? Several reasons: Russian adoptions are adjudicated in Russian courts and are FINAL. If Boris crawls out of the woodwork down the line and protests: "but I didn't know she was pregnantsky!" too darn bad. This is unlike America, where not long ago a judge stripped a distraught 3-year-old girl from her stable adoptive parents into custody of her sperm-donor father, who was unemployed and lived in a trailer. Second, unlike China, infant referrals from Russia (especially boys) are fast. Many parents I spoke with when vetting adoption agencies got referrals in a few weeks once Moscow got the paperwork! Third, if we were going to blow all our savings to take a trip somewhere to become parents, Russia seemed an intriguing place to visit. Many of my favorite composers are Russian, and its history interests me.

Finally, to be perfectly honest, raising a kid who looked sorta like us (whether we were black, white, brown or purple) would have some advantages. We considered all the stares and stupid questions cross-racial adoptive families face in public. There are many cross-racial adoptive parents out there, God bless 'em, who when confronted with a boorish question in the supermarket after a long day: "Say, how much did she cost you?" are able to smile with grace and deftly reply: "Why she's priceless." Not me. I am liable to respond to such inquiries with "I got her for only a buck ninety-nine! Chinese girls were on closeout at Sears!" and things would get ugly from there. You'd think such questions would not occur in a cosmopolitan area like Washington D.C. Alas, sadly, some friends from our church who adopted a Korean boy tell us otherwise.

Also, a problem seldom discussed in adoption literature and only beginning to be appreciated is cultural identity issues that cross-racial adopted children face in adolescence. This I can totally believe. Lori's cousin had to pull her slightly dusky-skinned daughter from an inner-city public high school this past year in part because other students were getting in her face demanding to know what race she was! No joke.

Thus, all these considerations made international adoption from Russia our adoption alternative to the hormone shots, ultrasounds, and test tubes.

The drunken fetus

However, Russian adoption has its own risks. It’s not the several dozen grand it takes for administrative fees, thinly veiled bribes, visa fees, and travel. We’d pay that much or more for IVF with mystery woman’s eggs. It’s about the fact that Russians, especially young ones, have a tragic proclivity to severe alcohol binge drinking and dependence. All it takes is one high-dose alcohol exposure at a critical time in early fetus development to wreck that developing life forever. Every time sperm meets egg, it's always a crapshoot to be sure, but when alcohol bathes the developing brain, the odds of retardation and/or behavior problems increase markedly. This is a somewhat manageable risk, however, as we could hire a western-trained pediatrician to examine referrals for fetal alcohol effects and other problems before agreeing to accept the referred child.

For days, we agonized over what to do. I mean we were REALLY straddling the fence. With donor egg IVF, we could control the uterine environment, and Lori would have the near-universal female experience of a life growing within her. I really didn’t care so much about being able to sire my own child. My family’s gene pool has a few turds floating in it. However, there would be the weirdness of explaining to our child down the road that there was a third biological-based parent out there and that he was made in a test tube, plus, there were no guarantees we’d end up with a child in the end.

With Russian adoption, we’d know we would be a family at the end of the proceedings, and we would be providing a home to a child who desperately needed one. Both options carried advantages and disadvantages with costs being equally exorbitant. One day Lori and I seemed resolved to go one route, the next day after more discussion while walking the dog, we’d go the other way, and the day after that, etc. So finally, we prayed about it. What option do we choose?


We’re on a mission from God

I believe in God. Not because someone waved an ancient book in my face and claimed it is truth, but rather, after an extensive cosmological and philisophical investigation that I undertook some time ago. I came to the conclusion that God is probably out there (even if humanity has been fuzzy and ham-handed about the details). So, I decided to pray about it. My relationship with Him has always been more of a cosmic understanding, however, than any kind of real dialogue. So I was expecting the usual silence on the other end of the line in response to our plea for guidance. Not this time. One evening, I was surfing the web about Russian adoption, and I stumbled onto a haunting image from a Russian orphanage. It showed over a dozen toddlers eating at a row of tiny tables with a single caregiver lady in the background with her back to the camera and the children. Looking up from her meal toward the camera was a little girl in the foreground. She had an inquisitive but somewhat sad and dazed look on her face.

I was riveted on her. As I reflected on the plight of those children, I was struck by sudden burst of emotion: profound, shaken to the core sadness- I had scarcely experienced before. This emotional immersion was novel, as I typically have all the empathy of Saddam Hussein. To give you an example, when I was watching Forrest Gump in the theater, as Forrest was weeping at his Jenny’s grave, the audience erupted into a cascade of sobs and sniffles, with Kleenexes flying aplenty. Meanwhile, I was wondering if I’d get home in time for ESPN’s Baseball Tonite. Even recent pictures of Indonesian tsunami victims-- showing profound human grief and the devastation-- struck me as surreal, and had me reaching for my checkbook but not the Kleenex.

This time, emotion overcame me, and I slumped out of my chair on my knees. It was like a punch in the gut. I sensed that God answered me. The experience was too intense in comparison with other emotional reactions I've had in my life. I knew then unmistakably that Lori and I had to go to Russia and rescue a child out of an institution. I looked heavenward with tears in my eyes and blubbered: “OK God, since this is what you want me to do, I’ll do it.” I staggered upstairs to my wife and told her what happened.


Finding a reputable agency:


Next came vetting adoption agencies. Lori left this task to me. International adoption is arduous, and is fraught with things that can go wrong, and even with criminally negligent or fraudulent “facilitators.” Most notably, there are only a few dozen American adoption agencies that are officially authorized by the Russian Federation to coordinate adoption placements of their children. This accreditation is difficult for an agency to obtain, and requires intensive annual maintenance by agencies by sending the Russians several post-placement reports about the welfare of each child removed from their country. Many American agencies advertising a “Russia program” are not accredited, but they work thru an accredited third-party American agency that actually files the paperwork with the Russian bureaucracy. I did not consider agencies that were not directly accredited. I did not want to have to deal with a third party agency.

I found an accredited agency within a do-able driving distance in a neighboring state whose references were all positive. I not only checked out the references provided by the agency in its literature, but I also found some eastern European adoption sites on the web where people independently post their names and numbers and what adoption agency they used. I felt it important to get feedback from others besides the carefully-selected happy clients provided by an agency itself. The international agency we chose is smallish, but had been doing Russian adoption for over 10 years. I figured the small size would minimize the chance that our paperwork would be lost in the shuffle. My conversations with the social worker at that agency showed her to be pleasant, confident, and reassuring. So I pulled the trigger and sent them a check and an application.


So you want to be a parent eh? We the State shall decide that!

The first step in the process was actually the biggest one: the home study. This is where the burden is placed on prospective adoptive parents to prove that they are likely to be fit parents. It results in a certified document indicating that we are fit to be parents which is sent to Russian authorities. Our first meeting with the home study social worker was a rude awakening to how arduous this would be. It turned out that before that agency would even dispatch a social worker to our home to interview us, we had to have over 20 different inspections and background checks performed! In a seemingly endless procession, the social worker would slide to us across the table this form or that. We had to have the fire department come and inspect our home, the county safety and sanitation department come and inspect our home, we had to get driving violation records, records documenting no outstanding child support liabilities in every state in which we lived, certified copies of our birth certificates and marriage licenses, record of our dog’s rabies vaccination, fingerprinting with both state and federal authorities for a comprehensive criminal background check, etc. It never ended.

I am a libertarian trapped in Montgomery County, Maryland, a big-government nanny zone that typically votes democrat. I even voted libertarian in the 2004 Presidential Election. It is therefore hard to describe how profoundly irritated I was by this part of the process-- where my route to fatherhood was at the whim and approval of agents of the state. It was like insult to injury. It was hard enough that nature denied us the traditional path to parenthood, but now we had to subject ourselves to all of this. I just KNOW that the ninnies who put all these regulations in place would salivate at the thought of regulating ALL human procreation. Alas, they can only control adoptive parents.

Taken singly, each item on this home study eligibility list made sense. Yeah, I guess I can see how they don’t want people who owe child support to take on more children. Yeah, I can see how they don’t want an infant raised in a rat-infested deathtrap. Yeah, I can see where they are not thrilled about a child being adopted by a guy with a bunch of DUI offenses or something. It was just the entirety of it all that exceeded reason. I venture that there must be some way of consolidating all these independent procedures to enable a simple “fit parents” versus “losers” categorization.

OK, so the never-ending stream of background check items finally ended, but it took 2-3 months. In the meantime, we attended a short series of lectures on international adoption put on by our international agency. These were very helpful in preparing us for what to expect, not only for the trip itself and initial family adjustment, but for what we might expect in our child’s reaction to his abandonment down the road. I highly recommend such a course. Lori and I also bought and read a couple well-rated books on Russian adoption.

Once all our stuff was into our social work agency, we got our visits from the interviewing social worker, Janet. Janet was cool, and adopted two children internationally herself. We spent much of our time talking about the potential pitfalls of raising children from an institution in another country that we gleaned from our classes and books. The author of one book in particular went so far as to claim that adopted kids will never truly bond with adoptive parents. This possibility really worried Lori, who tends to worry about things a lot more than I do. Upon learning of our concern, Janet confessed a shocking revelation about her own adopted kids: THEY TURNED OUT FINE. Janet jokingly put Lori on “book restriction”. I suggested she write a book on adoption called “My Kids Are Fine.”


Smoking, Non, or First-Available?


After our home study, photographs, and financial records were sent to Russia, we played the waiting game. In our application to the Russians, we stated we would accept either gender. Our agency's social worker said this would mean we would be offered a boy, and fairly quickly. Adoptable Russian girls are scarce for three reasons: First, Russian couples are more likely to eke out another mouth to feed if that mouth is female and could care for them in thier old age. Based on the general drunkeness, despair, and lack of motivation in many Russian males we later saw sauntering around the streets of Perm at all hours with alcohol in their hands, this may make sense. Second, the few Russian couples who DO adopt prefer girls for the same reason. Third, Americans seem to want prefer girls too, as though they want that cute blond Anna Kournikova. When I scan adoption forums on-line, it seems that the majority of posters went and got girls. A boy was just fine with us.

Two months later, we got "the call." A little baby boy in Perm named Egor needed a home. We were left to our own devices to find airline tickets. My heart sank as I found that evening that the only flights available were on Lufthansa for almost $5k per person round trip!!! My despair was lifted then next business morning, when I got a hold of the Aeroflot office in Washington, who offered us fare a fraction of that. I then got right to work on the visas.

Adopting Matthew from Perm- Part I

This narrative is derived from emails we shotgunned to all our friends. This kinda captures the feeling of the moment!

We are finally back safe from our first trip to Russia. We left last Saturday evening and returned last nite. Man oh man, what an 11-hour time zone difference does to the sleep-wake cycle! We were totally whipped, but it was worth every minute.


Taking in Moscow

When we left Saturday evening, we arrived in Moscow at 1pm Moscow time. Aerolot’s service was actually very good, though we were in business class since there were no more economy seats at the short notice we had. Once in Moscow, we had about 12 hours to wait around until the 12:50 AM flight to Perm, Russia, so we hired our agency’s Moscow driver, Valentine, to pick us up and take us to his apartment to crash for a while. Valentine came a bit late (he did not know we flew business class and were first off the plane and thru passport control) so we were a bit edgy wondering what was going on, and we had to fend off some pushy cab drivers. We enjoyed Valentine’s company on the long ride to his place.

Real estate in Moscow is insane, second in price only to Tokyo supposedly. Valentine’s neighborhood well on the outskirts featured many dilapidated high-rise apartment buildings. Seriously folks, it was an amazing sight to see well-groomed, well-dressed, and put-together citizens emerge from buildings we Americans would associate with the worst sociobehavioral pathologies of rotting urban cores. He took us to a pretty new sparkling western-like mall and we ate at Sbarro’s in their food court. He fixed up his one-room apartment with a mini kitchen and a shower stall so he did not have to share with two adjacent neighbors. His place was cheery and a godsend as we collapsed into the only sleep we would end up getting before we met the Ministry of Education lady and then little Egor (pronounced yeh-GOHR).


Checking out Perm

The Aeroflot flight to Perm was on an old Soviet-era jetliner whose paint had worn through in places on the rear of the fuselage. I think they were duct-taping the wings as the shuttle bus arrived at the plane. The seatbelts did not tighten and dangled loose on our laps, safety instructions were brief and blase. I’ll give the Russians tremendous credit for keeping it real.
Our agency’s driver/translator team, Arthur and Dina, met us at the little airport in Perm. That a city of 1 million people would have an airport that small with only four flights a day coming in and out spoke volumes about how much Russians can afford air travel.



Perm's prestigious Lenin Award Our Russian guide, Dina, explained that this was given by the Soviet regime to honor the city for being an exemplar to all the Motherland, and towing the "party line." While I think Soviet Communism was perhaps the darkest stain in the fabric of human history, gawking at the iconography of that era was a guilty pleasure. I loved to query our in-country guides about how they felt about the political changes in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union.


"In the end we beat them with Levi 501 jeans. Seventy-two years of Communist indoctrination and propaganda was drowned out by a three-ounce Sony Walkman. A huge totalitarian system has been brought to its knees because nobody wants to wear Bulgarian shoes. Now they're lunch, and we're number one on the planet." -P.J. O'Rourke


Instead of exultations over new-found freedoms and availability of Western goodies, I sensed from our native guides a strong nostalgia for a time when the state took care of everyone's needs. Economic "freedom" means little to people who spend their working years trapped in a state run by criminal oligarchs, and who see an uncertain future in their elder years when they can no longer work.

Arthur and Dina were absolutely fantastic. We wish we could display their pictures here, but by their request we are not (a print of them is framed in our house). Arthur is a veterinarian by training who is taking law school classes. He is tall and taciturn, and seemed to understand far more of what was being said in English than he let on. Dina is an English teacher, and was very congenial. They took us to the “Tourist Hotel,” the cheapest of the three hotels in the city that had much in the way of English speakers and the kind of services and cleanliness Westerners would come to expect from a Holiday Inn or something.



The Tourist hotel where we stayed in Perm Note the construction. Instead of just hiring some guy with a wrecking ball to demolish the concrete entrance overhang in minutes, a large crew of men spent all week chipping away at it inch by inch with jackhammers and sledges. On the 5th floor was a little cafe where we could redeem the daily meal tickets (that came with our room rental) for breakfast staples, candy, tea, and the like. Their breakfast menu had English translations that we could point to, but I just got used to coming in each morning and asking for "Glazuneeya," or fried eggs.

We freshened up before our 9:30 Monday meeting with the Ministry of Education lady who oversaw foreign adoptions in that region. We were too wired to sleep. The room was a nice 2-room suite and we liked it a lot. The Ministry of Education lady was in a hurry, but she had us sign a couple things to allow us to see little Egor. Both she and her assistant were very nice.



The Ministry of Education Building, Perm This is where we met "Galina," the official in charge of placement of orphans in the Perm region. She authorized our interaction with potential adoptees. The imposing structure (note the hammer and sickle) belies the warm-hearted touch and love of children that softened the edges of her businesslike demeanor. We suspect that when her office gets dossiers of foreign would-be adoptive patents, that they use the photos of us to match us up with similar-looking children. Not only did Matthew look like he could be our biological child, but one day at the Zakamsk orphanage we noticed a Spanish couple with Mediterranean features doting on a tot with thick wavy black hair! Pretty shrewd, I'd say.

We then went to the closest orphanage in the system, in a neighborhood called Zakamsk, named after proximity to the Kama river along which the city of Perm stretches.

Meeting little "Egor"

The orphanage people sat us in a nice room with plenty of toys and asked if we wanted to see the boy first or get his medical history first. Jim stated in his very broken Russian (thank you CD-Rom language software) that he would like to see the boy first. Evgeny, the main doctor and director of the orphanage was surprised to hear the request from an American in Russian, so he asked Jim to repeat it. A few minutes later, a staffer brought in 7-month old Egor Ivanovich Kazymov. He was all smiles with chubby cheeks and bright, inquisitive blue eyes. He was grabbing everything in sight, including Lori’s hair and Jim’s necktie.























We were smitten. We played with him at length until the orphanage doctor came in. While Jim played with the tot on his lap (mostly jumping up and down with his chubby legs), the doctor read his chart to our translator, who translated as Lori took notes. The litany of health problems the doctor methodically recited was absolutely devastating to hear. Most scary of all was that Egor had a positive Hepatitis B result in the past and at last exam had an enlarged liver. In addition, he also had/has a hole in his heart between his atria, but his EKG’s were normal and there was no evidence of blood improperly sloshing around in his heart.

We told the orphanage that we were going to bring Dr. Elizabeth Galkina, a Moscow pediatrician in on Wed to examine him and to review his chart to get us a big picture. Evgeny was apparently as proud as he is boisterous, and bristled at the idea of bringing in an outsider doctor. Fortunately, Arthur our driver/facilitator, is real tight with the ministry lady (Evgeny’s boss), who was able to order the orphanage director to let us have him evaluated. In the meantime, we resigned ourselves to asking the Ministry if we could look at the other baby boy they located for us. Fortunately, the Ministry acted fast to get us permission to go to a different orphanage in the city of Kungur (pronounced Koong-GOOR) by the next morning.


Meeting "Alexander"- Plan B

The trip to see “Alexander” in Kungur on Tuesday AM was reminiscent of road trips to northern Minnesota, with rolling hills, some farms, and a healthy mix of both deciduous and coniferous trees. It took 90 minutes to get there. We could tell right away that this orphanage was more laid back. We waited in a somewhat more Spartan office for a staffer to bring in Alexander. Alexander was smaller (only 5 months old) and a little funny looking. He seemed to be fairly robust for his size and smiled at the familiar doctor. Same drill as with Egor. Jim held him and played with him as Dr. “Olga” read thru his chart to the translator. Instead of jumping up and down and smiling, however, Alexander projectile-vomited on Jim’s tie.

In all, it seemed to us that Alexander had fewer health issues than did Egor. We then took him all around the grounds. We were allowed to see everything at the Kungur orphanage. It was rough emotionally to see all the toddlers at play in the playgrounds, knowing that they were all unwanted. They were so cute, especially the little girls in their scarves. They were allowed to open the gate hook and let themselves out of the play areas, and one little girl with wide-set fetal alcohol eyes saw Jim walking around and let herself out to see him. Jim held out his left and right index fingers as she approached and she grasped each one and started jumping up and down. Jim danced with her for several moments until the caregiver lady came to retrieve her. We will always remember her and all the others. May God have mercy on them.

Interestingly, the girl and several other toddlers smiled at us and took more interest in us than the little baby boy we came to see. Alexander smiled and engaged the doctors, but was completely ambivalent to us. We then saw his play room and crib room. They were cheerfully decorated. People have this stereotype of the Russian orphanage as this barren cinderblock squalor, but we can assert that that was certainly not the case at either orphanage we visited. That the caregiver ladies cared for the children was very evident. We figured after getting the initial low-down on both boys that we would have Dr Galkina check out Alexander first to see if he was as healthy as his chart indicated. Both boys were full-term with normal 6+ lb birthweights, so it was a tough dilemma.

We prayed very hard that night for some guidance, and did not get much sleep. Why was it that the engaging boy was so very sick while the ambivalent one with whom we did not really “click” was seemingly better?

(Web chronicle note: When I say we prayed hard-- I mean REALLY hard. Desperately hard. How often in human history do parents ever have to CHOOSE a CHILD from among several alternatives?!! This choice would define the rest of our lives! Our plea was that the answer would be made clear to us.)


Is there a doctor in the house?

We met Dr Galkina in the hotel the next morning. Arthur had picked her up the night before. Like the majority of younger Russian women, she was slender and attractive. She could wear a mini-skirt and make it work! (She was hot-to-Trotsky) Russian people in general made us realize how much weight we could stand to lose. Dr. G studied pediatric immunology in Paris among her training, and we figured the exposure to Western medicine would be a key perspective. We went back east to Kungur and Dr G and Dr. Olga and then examined him. We then took Alexander around the grounds again as Olga went over Alexander’s chart with Dr. G.
Same story as the previous day. We’d be in Alexander’s face showering him with attention, and he basically blew us off. Several curious toddlers smiled as they marched singly by to their room after playtime.

After what seemed like an eternity of writing up her report, Dr G was done and gave us the skinny on Alexander. She explained that his facial features and cardiac sounds/functioning were characteristic of a mild degree of fetal alcohol syndrome, and that the symptoms described about him at his birth were consistent with mild drug withdrawal. Somehow, the mother’s drug-positive status at birth should have automatically flagged her with the State as a drug abuser, and this would have been in her record and in the child’s record. Moreover, it turned out Alexander was positive for Hepatitis C! This is the grave variant with the potential for serious liver damage. Dr G concluded that unlike the majority of children she comes out to review and examine, she was compelled to recommend against us or anyone adopting him until his trajectory became more clear.

Ironically, this was liberating. We felt we could emotionally close the door on Alexander. We had been fighting a losing battle trying to maintain enthusiasm at the thought of adding him to our family. Fortunately, there was still time for Dr. G to see Egor back in the outskirts of Perm before her flight left. On the way out to Kungur, we chatted with Dr. G about Egor, and got the sense from her that his issues were actually not that severe, therefore it seemed like the prudent thing to do to have a second opinion on him too.

We could not have imagined how prudent indeed. Egor was as engaging the second go-round as he was the first. Dr G. quickly commented that he looked too robust to be an institutionalized baby. He was in the middle of all the normal (non-institutionalized) growth charts. Knowing that the liver was his main issue, she spent a long time palpating his abdomen and concluded that his liver was NOT enlarged! Egor did his gymnastics and his hair pulling galore as Dr G was read his chart by the orphanage physician.

Dr. G concluded that little Egor DID acquire Hepatitis B while in the hospital waiting for room in an orphanage to open up. However, he had received the first of the Hep B vaccines at birth, and was able to stave off a severe infection. His development of the disease she said was almost like having received a full inoculation from the Hep series. Moreover, she assured us that Hep B is very treatable with antiviral meds, and described a colleague who went on to have a healthy life and sire a healthy family after a bout with Hep B far worse than little Egor endured.

At this point little Egor is healthy, with some traces of elevated liver enzymes likely to remain for a year or so. She seemed very enthusiastic about him. After the trip to see Egor again, we had a nice dinner the four of us: Lori, Jim, Dr G, and Arthur at a place in Perm near our hotel that served a good chicken tortilla, and was part Baskin-Robbins. It was a great place to decompress and process the delightful news that this charming boy Egor was not doomed to a liver transplant and death. Moreover, the hole in his heart will almost certainly be sealed off as part of normal development. Yes, the Russian orphanage doctor was forthright and read down his chart with complete honesty, but that still does not mean that we were getting any big-picture perspective or long-term prognosis. Dr. G cleared it all up for us, and hiring her was the best money we have ever spent.


The path made clear, we chilled for the rest of the week

We were thus able to enjoy Thursday and Friday knowing we had found our little boy, and we visited him each of those days. We wheeled him up and down the block by the orphanage in a stroller.


After a stressful week, we are relieved to have a plan in sight. Egor had some kind of infection behind his ear, which the Russians treated with some kind of emerald-colored mystery goop. We celebrated how two different Russian couples passed him by due to his Hep B and a raging bout of syphilis (since cured). Their loss is our tremendous gain!!!! We learned that no child can be adopted out of Russia until two Russian couples have rejected that child. Fortunately for us Yanks, the Russian adoptive parents who get first dibs expect perfection.
We signed paperwork to the Ministry on Friday stating that we are preparing to adopt him. It was a tiresome but unforgettable trip.

Touring a restored 18th century village Later in the week, once we decided Egor (Matthew) was the boy for us, Dina and Arthur took us just outside the city of Perm to a restored 17th Century village, complete with an Eastern Orthodox church (in which we are posing here), a mill, blacksmith, stable, and several cottages. It was SWELTERING that day. Unusually hot for this area. The older fellow who took our tickets to get into the site seemed excited to see us, and smiled and gave us a warm "Hello!" Aside from our guides, he was the only Russian I recall who ever took the initiative to speak to us in English this entire trip. Most Russians just looked at me funny when I would try to communicate with a combination of my skeletal Russian (fuggedabout the 6 cases/tenses) and gestures. Jake will never let me live down how I tried to ask an elderly clerk in a Perm drugstore where I could find baby butt wipes... I guess as an American, I'm used to a melting pot culture, where people often need to make accomodations to get an idea across to someone with a different native language. Alas, here....

Even more paperwork

Now comes part B: the court date trip. As fate would have it, Perm has one of the meanest, most stickler adoption judges in all of Russia. This woman is past retirement age, and in fact is formally retired, yet she remains in her role-- probably to torment foreigners trying to abscond with Russia’s children. We have to have all new recent police clearances, HIV tests, EIGHT DIFFERENT doctors sign off on our health, financial statements, etc. The Ministry of Education adoptions coordinator, Galina, even thought this judge was on overkill wanting eight different Doctors’ signatures. When Jim explained that he works with several doctor friends who would sign off, Galina quipped that we would be solving this “the Russian way”. We had a great laugh.
Judgezilla will not even grant us a court date until she has all this new information, so we will be scrambling tomorrow and Tuesday to get the ball rolling for this. We hope we can stand before Judgezilla as early as late August.

By Russian law, foreigners granted custody of a Russian child must wait 10 days in the city before taking the child. The judges of most districts routinely waive this waiting period for the sake of getting the child into a real family ASAP. Judgezilla, however, seldom waives the wait. However, since Igor has a history of a severe infectious disease, the orphanage director consented to write a letter to a judge asking for a waiver of the waiting period on medical grounds so that Egor can be seen ASAP by a pediatric immunologist in the U.S.
For our part, we are lining up a pediatrician here who will write us a letter for the court stating that Egor will be seen immediately and his condition evaluated and monitored. We will be crossing our fingers and toes that Judgezilla will waive the wait. It will be 21 days out of the country next time if she does not waive it. So as of now, we are conducting Operation Egor to get this cherubic little boy here in the States as soon as possible. Thank you for all your prayers, support, and best wishes!

-Jim and Lori

P.S. We are probably going to re-name him Matthew Yegor Bjork. The name "EEE-gor" will have to take a back seat so this little boy has a chance of scoring a prom date.

Adopting Matthew from Perm- Part II

This account is also derived from a series of emails home from internet cafes in Russia

Dear Friends and Family, Short answer: We are still alive. The kid is wonderful and healthy. OK, some more details for those of you with time or interest to read the REST of the story: We flew out of Dulles on Monday afternoon. The skies were bright and clear, and we took that as a good omen. We return to Russia this time with Jim's stepmother Florence, aka "Jake," who is with us to help us handle new parenthood and a massive plane ride. Also, she raises our collective baggage kilogram limit form 40 kg to 60 kg. We joke that she is officially "baggage". This is actually an important concern since the Russians weigh everything, and we needed to take several toys and clothes-- plus stuff for the baby.

We were met in Moscow by our agency's contact person in Moscow. His name is Valentin, and he is very good at what he does. Have you ever met someone with a gross personality deficit or style who seems to have found some way of making ends meet that is in tune with that style? Well, let's just say Valentin is a rather passionate individual. Some people talk on their cell phones. Valentin yells. When Jim greeted Valentin, he hustled us to a travel agency booth to secure three of the last six seats available on the only flight to Perm left that day. We really mean "hustle". Valentin walks very quickly, nearly running over fellow travelers in the concouse with our wheeled suitcases in tow. Once we bought our tickets (can you imagine same-day tickets for less than by an American carrier? we can't), Valentin took us to Red Square since we had to go clear across the Moscow metro area to another airport for the domestic flight.



Valentin picks us up in his van.













We figured we had time to see things since we got in around 10AM Moscow time and did not have our evening flight until 8:40. It was interesting to walk along the same route as all those old Soviet weapon parades. The traffic in downtown Moscow, even in the middle of the day, was pure insanity. We saw several adventurous motorists deciding to use the sidewalk!! Valentin was amazing, weaving in and out of lanes, knowing the dimensions of his beat-up minivan down to the centimeter. He made several creative turns, and nearly clipped a pedestrian with his side mirror.

Then we did the drug deal. Part of our procedure was to pay the "foreign fee" partly in cash UP FRONT at the beginning of the visit. This obviously helps the agency avoid the awkward situation of client parents stiffing the agency once the judge awarded custody. We had to drop off the cash to our agency's main wheel-greaser in Moscow, an articulate gentleman named Nikolai. The meet was in a back street with few people around. We waited in Valentin's van until we saw Nikolai drive up. Nikolai entered the van, exchanged some pleasantries, and some curtains were drawn over the windows. Jim brought forth a wad of bills, and counted them meticulously on the seat in front of all parties, by the thousands. Nikolai commented on how carefully Americans counted cash in these instances. We explained that this situation was most unusual for most Americans. Once the cash was presented, Nikolai opened his trenchcoat, and handed us the baby! Ok, just kidding on that last part.

After the handoff, Valentin took us to his place on the south part of Moscow for an hour or two and innundated us with pictures and video of his young daughter in Ohio. Most people are content to show a pic or two of their kid, but he seemed to think that we would just love to see all this footage. He also felt compelled to put in his Pearl Harbor DVD to show Jim. He even wept at the most violent scenes of the bombing. This passionate Russian has some eccentricities, but he gets the job done.

After inflicting Ben Affleck on all of us (Ben improves slightly with dubbed Russian lines), Valentine took us to Domodedevo airport. This happens to be the same airport, where an enterprising guard at the security checkpoint accepted a whopping 1000 rubles (about ) to let a couple Chechen ladies with large, ticking coats board a couple domestic airplanes. We know the rest. The airport itself was actually cheery and modern, with English translations everywhere. At the security checkpoint, they seemed about as diligent as in America. We were each patted-down and only Jim's hidden money belt escaped detection. However, it was apparent that our American identities exempted us from additional scrutiny other passengers were getting, as though the Russians seem to understand that it is not lily-white Americans blowing up planes. Lori accidentally left her fanny pack behind at the checkpoint, but we retrieved it in time.


Reunited with the boy!

The flight on Perm Airlines was creepy at times, but uneventful. Once Ivan found the jumper cables, we were off! We were met in Perm by the smiling faces of our Perm guides Dina and Arthur. They make it all worthwhile. That these two kind and warm people are getting a piece of our family-making expenses instead of the frosty hags at the fertility clinic strikes as a cosmic justice. They took us back to the Tourist Hotel, and we were thrilled that we got our same suite back- 309. Jake got a suite just down the hall.

This morning, we visited the Ministry of Education, and we met Galina, the bureaucrat in charge, once more. She had the power to be a stiff inquisitor, but while she struck us as firm, she also had a very warm side. She spoke of the miracle of seeing babies grow into such different and wonderful individuals. We sensed that she really believes in what she does. We liked her on our first visit, and we brought over a nice necklace for her. After we signed some papers to allow us to see Egor/Matthew again, Jim presented her with her gift, which she initially declined. This came as an awkward shock, because we assumed that the bribery culture shamelessly permeated everything and everyone. We figure Galina thought that it would be unseemly for her to accept such a gift. She found a solution, however. She reached into a cupboard and pulled out a box of chocolate candies and presented it to Jim as a reciprocal gift. All good!

We then drove excitedly to the orphanage in Zakamsk. When we came in, we learned that Matthew (Yegor) had been enduring a low-grade fever for three days. They woke him up, put some clothes on him, and brought him in. He had gained negligible weight since our July visit, and was clearly recognizable with his cute chubby cheeks and ice-blue eyes. He was kind of in a daze after being rousted from his slumber, so he was just like us. He had no inkling of separation anxiety when we each each held him. Lori seemed to be kind of old hat to him. Jim, on the other hand, was a constant source of fascination and entertainment.

We first got his health update from the orphanage physician, and were delighted to learn that all is well with his hepatitis etc. Then we were able to feed him. A staff person brought in a bowl of a mash of vegetables and chicken along with a cup of water that had been boiled with dried fruit (once cooled it is like juice without all the sugar). The spoon they first provided was monstrous. Julia Roberts could not get that thing in her toothy maw. The replacement spoon was still a regular spoon, but he managed to eat with his four teeth. He also drank from a real cup when it was held for him! So we stupid Americans blow big wads at BABYSPENDSTORE on sippy cups.

Grandma Jake meeting her grandson for the first time. Egor sat up by himself and really became his old self once his lil belly was stuffed. He grabbed Lori's most fascinating hair as before and really loved grabbing pretty much everything. Whenever Jim would speak, the lil guy would whip his head around to see what creature could be making such gutteral speech. He and Jim have a real connection already. We are both so amazed and delighted that we would be able to adopt this remarkable and agreeable little boy. Even the orphanage physician described him as an "angel baby!"


We prepare for court

So tomorrow we practice with our facilitators for court on Friday. We will try to get the waiting period waived on account of his "hepatitis of unknown type" history in his medical chart. It will be a tough sell since his past several tests have come back negative, but at least the orphanage director will send a letter to the court asking for this. We are so grateful we will not have Judgezilla. The lady judge we are getting we learned is far more agreeable and speaks to prospective parents with tact. Rumor has it that sometimes she will ask for more paperwork, but Dina has already spoken with her twice about our paperwork and was assured it was in order. We'll update again once we are done with court on Friday. We hope to avoid hanging out in Perm for the sake of the bureaucracy! We thank everyone for their best wishes and prayers.

-Jim and Lori


Jim and Lori go to court for custody

Dear family and friends, Cliff's notes version: We got custody, need to hang around in this city for the next 10 days. Now for those of you with not enough to do, you can get some details. (By the way, we are a few blocks from our hotel at another hotel, enjoying their lightning-fast 33.6 modem connection for 80 rubles an hour. Out own hotel is undergoing renovations in the lobby area.) We just left the delivery room. Mom and dad are doing great. The kid? Who knows? He is still in the orphanage about a half an hour away. Lori was amazed to see no stretch marks. She can still slip into the same pair of jeans as she did before court this morning. She did not require any drugs. Jim however, could use some drugs about now.

Today was the big court day. This was the occasion where we stood before a Russian judge to give them the illusion that we are fit and sane parents. Jim managed to conceal the future of the boy in ritual sacrifice. Yesterday, Dina our translator had prepped us on the court procedure. She informed us of its format, what questions we would be asked, and how we should answer them succinctly and only offer details if asked. We knew the court proceedings would not only have a judge, but also a court secretary as well as a prosecutor from the Russian State. The prosecutor's job was to see that all laws were followed-- not necessarily to convict us. We imagined a wood-paneled courtroom facing Judge Judy after she forgot to take her lithium. The prosecutor would be some grim Soviet curmudgeon.

This was not the case. The "court" was actually a nice somewhat bare windowed office with three desks and some chairs. The judge was a pudgy lady in her 50s with shorter blond hair. She was actually very nice. In all the questioning, Jim could make out the word "please" several times as they asked us to please tell them this or that. Despite their congeniality, we were both very nervous. Dina sat between us and translated after every sentence spoken. Jim was asked to stand first and was given an awkwardly broad request to state our whole story and case.
Jim wondered where to begin and was grateful for the occasional whispered hint from Dina. When asked about our impressions of Egor, Jim replied in Russian that we thought he was a beautiful boy, and that when we see him, we feel great happiness. He also said in Russian that we believe he is our boy, our son, and that we play with him every day, and that he and Jim dance. The court people seemed surprised to see a Yank blurt out stuff in Russian, and the judge even smiled. This is probably because what Jim actually said was that both he and Egor smell funny. Then the prosecutor grilled the social worker about the administrative details of Yegor's past. Four- count em FOUR- other Russian couples took a pass on this little treasure of a boy! Hard to believe.

Yegor's father was literally a dash written in the blank for "father" in his birth certificate. His mother Ekaterina also had another child in 2002, but the state decided that at 18 she was too poor and unequipped to care for a child. Her sister is even younger, and also declined to adopt Egor. Her own father, Egor's grandfather, is named Sergei and is in prison, her mother died in 1985. What a rough life Egor's mother must have had as well. How nice to be able to end this tragic cycle!

We presented a valiant case that the 10-day waiting period be waived, and the social worker from the orphanage even weighed in in support. Alas, it was to no avail, as the new young woman prosecutor was not impressed and did not see the significance of him waiting around in the orphanage another 10 days. Hers was the final testimony, and she stated in a legalistic flavor that there was no compelling reason for the state to deny us our appeal for custody, but there was no legal provision for waiving the 10-day waiting period.

We beat the rap. We were all dismissed from the courtroom while the judge scribbled out her decision. Ten minutes later, the judge opened the door and invited us in for her verdict. She ruled as the prosecutor first indicated. We got the little guy!! He will now be Matthew Yegor Bjork instead of Yegor Ivanovich Kazymov! * We will be his new parents in the Russian registry. God help him. So, we are relaxing with the heat off. He is now ours!!!! We will see him next tomorrow afternoon. We plan on brining a miniature alternative to the Julia Roberts shovel (spoon) to feed him. We will also sneak in the American sippy cup!

* In Russian, the character "E" at the beginning of a word has a slight "Yeh" sound to it, so we went with the "Y" in his Anglicized name to get away from EEEEEEEEEEEEEEgor and the unfortunate connotation of a hunchbacked freak.




Obvious Americans enduring the waiting game

Just a passing word about Russians.... A colleague of Jim's who was a cold warrior in the U.S. Military stated that Russians endure each day with an eternal question: "How is the universe going to screw me today?" After seeing all these dour young and old Russian hustle up and down the sidewalk with their eyes in steely gazes, we understand what that means. One of our Russian adoption guidebooks explained that one of the surest ways to give yourself away as an American was to smile. I'm not kidding. They will think you are an idiot. Unfortunately, even if the three of us trudge forth with a look like we got shafted waiting in line at the People's Glorious Toilet Paper Collective, we are still obviously Americans by virtue of the fact that Florence and Lori are both wearing shoes with heels larger than a dime. Jim wears athletic shoes. Most Russian men wear black leather shoes that come to a flat, upturned point. Florence likens them to surly elves. And so it goes.

Jim looks forward to a possible jazz gig in the Ural hotel next week. We had dinner at the restaurant in the lower level of the Ural last nite. English menus do wonders for avoiding toxic materials such as Chernobyl or liver. As we were waiting for our food, a couple musicians set up their bass and keyboard. Jim recoiled in horror at the sight of the keyboardist's keyboard-- the kind of semi-toy they sell at Wal-Mart. The duo opened with "Take five" by Dave Brubeck. Their playing was really good, tho Jim wished they had a drummer. Perhaps it was a vintage performance in a city that was not even acknowledged on the map in the Soviet era due to its exclusive role in the defense industry. They were joined by a singer who had a lovely voice. It was funny to hear her sing American rock songs. As though Boris and Natasha broke out in Sheryl Crow: "A CHAHNGE--- Veel doo hyoo Goood!" Jim was impressed by their efforts considering their location.

As we left, Jim told the musicians that he was from the USA and played jazz sax. The bassist replied in pretty good English that they play Tuesday thru Thursday and asked if Jim brought his sax. Jim replied that he did not. He plans to come back for dinner next Tuesday and offer to join them if one of them can somehow come up with a sax to play. It would be neat if that worked out. Jim doing gigs in Perm Russia waiting for a baby. Stranger things have happened.


Thanks for all your love and support, Jim and Lori


A fellow parent-in-waiting

Dear friends and family, It has been a memorable week as we wait for our little guy. The most interesting development has been the arrival of a couple other Americans to adopt a boy who are also using Dina and Arthur as their interpreter and driver. What makes this couple interesting is that instead of being a husband and wife, they are a single man and his mother. "Steve" is an exceptionally pleasant man. We really like visiting with him. He is nearing 40, handsome, appears to have an affluent lifestyle, is impeccably dressed and well groomed. He interacts in a very tender and sensitive way. Of course, the elephant in the living room about him is why there is no woman in his life.


After spending some time with the two of them, we suspect Steve may in fact be straight, but is saddled with a mother who would scare any sane female away. For example, one of Mother’s first sentences to us began with “MyOtherSonTheLawyer” When they were playing with Steve’s new little boy "Sergei" at the orphanage, the little boy would make a cute raspberry sound. And the intrepid grandmother opined: “Now Sergei!! You will never get into Harvard doing that! STEVE! You stop encouraging him!” You can figure out the rest of this woman’s schtick. Jim fantasizes about throwing her off the bridge over the Kama and helping the policeman recall seeing her jump with a couple thousand rubles. Every now and then, she will ask us about ourselves and listen briefly and perfunctorily before launching into the analogous story of her life. We see them all the time. There is no escape.

More tots than homes

On Tuesday, we got to play with all the toddlers out on the patio of the orphanage as the rain fell past the eave. They were so captivating and charming. Love for these children knows no language. They babbled in a different tongue, but they still drew delight from our smiles and our hugs. They would giggle and play peek-a-boo with us with their hats. Had we envisioned this scene a year ago, we would have skipped all the money and heartache of medical interventions to try to have a family. These wonderful, beautiful children need homes and loving parents, and our decision to make this journey was indelibly galvanized. If only more Americans could see these wonderful children!!! Jim was especially fond of a sweet blue-eyed girl named Valeria, who was there with her sister.

Other diversions while waiting around in Perm

We have enjoyed several wonderful diversions this week during our wait. On Wednesday nite, we went to the Perm Ballet Company’s production of Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. It was absolutely magnificent. This is the third most prestigious ballet school in all of Russia, and was founded during WWII from the Stalingrad troupe who fled the German siege. Several dancers stayed behind after the war to continue the school in Perm. The orchestra was wonderful, and what was incredible was the price. It worked out to be less than a ticket for a 6th row seat at a professional production that would have been exorbitant in the States! Jim was amazed at all the titanium toes of all those anorexic women.

On Thursday, Lori, Jake, and Jim took a road trip to a 19th Century Orthodox monastery that was undergoing renovation. It was so very nice to get out of this city and trawl thru country roads with goats and chickens occasionally crossing. The leaves are at their peak color chance and these trees form a fantastic quilt with the evergreens. The monastery was on a hill and the view was terrific.






Jazz gig at the Strogunov

Thursday nite, Jim borrowed a tenor sax from a local singer, Andrei, (got his number from the Ural hotel staff) and played the Stroganov Restaurant with bassist Ilya and pianist Vasily. It was the saxophone from hell. It was a silver metal beast. Jim was immediately embarrassed as he tried to play it and notes would not speak due to the disrepair of the instrument.
After a while, Jim figured out which few notes would actually speak true and improvised solos with the limited palette of notes. We are grateful to the very charming Andrei for loaning Jim his tenor sax in exchange for a couple mixed drinks.

Listeners present seemed to think that it all sounded very nice, and Jim exchanged email addresses with the other musicians. Very nice people. (Web Note: I could tell that Vasily was classically trained, and he really does deserve a weighted, hammer-action keyboard. I wish I could start a fund drive to raise money for deserving Russian musicians, but alas, the only Westerners who would care are musicians themselves... who are broke).

Enjoying parole at the Tourist Hotel

On Friday, little Matthew got paroled. We are able to take him out during the day, but ONLY to the hotel. Saturday was bath day, and the Orphanage gestapo prohibited us from even letting him play on the floor of our hotel room! Yeah. Right. A 10 month old. Sure, as though a 3X3 area of our bed was going to be enough for him. We can’t wait to smile at all the staff Tuesday morning and get him the heck out of there. We know, however, that their concern stems from a fierce and authentic love of these children. It shows in all their interactions with them.

Saturday, we went shopping and got several wonderful souvenirs. Jake bought Jim and Lori each a wonderful authentic Russian winter hat for their Fall birthdays. They are each warm and stylish gen-yoo-WINE articles, and unmistakeably Russian! Today (monday) we got to take him overnight!! Woo-hoo!!! We hope that we get Matthew’s passport in time this next week to get to Moscow for his Visa boy Thursday AM and out of the country home by our scheduled flight on Sat Oct 9th. Cross your fingers and pray!!!!! We wanna get outta here!!!

Much love to you all from Russia.

-Jim and Lori

Additional details (added for this web narrative):

On Tuesday, we came to the orphanage for the last time. It was a very emotional moment as we returned the orphanage clothes, and Matthew's caregivers held him and kissed him one last time. It was bittersweet for them. His main caregiver told him (Dina translated in real-time) that he was going to enjoy a better life with us. We took him up to his crib room, where he said "Do Svedania" (goodbye) to his room-mates. A toddler with a mop of thick black hair was already in his old crib. Space is at a premium there.

As we left, Dr. Evgeny accosted me at the front door of the orphanage and shook my hand. I choked back tears as I assured him that I would try my very best to be a good father to him. As we got into Arthur's car, Dr. Evgeny asked me in broken English to come back again for a girl. I will never forget those people and that place.

Kickin' back at the Holiday Inn

Our Perm facilitators, Dina and Arthur, did a masterful job of getting Matthew's passport and birth certificate made in Perm by the end of last Wednesday. This was so that we could go on to Moscow to get Matthew a physical exam to enable his immigration during the day Thrusday and his visa itself by close of business Friday. In fact, Arthur drove a bureaucrat clear across town three times to get his birth certificate since that issuing office was in the process of moving. One office had the blank certificate forms, the other had the computer to print out on the forms, and the third office had the official bureaucrat to stamp it with a magic stamp. Dina described it as business as usual in Russia. Those two coordinators are simply amazing and we miss them already!

Jim, his stepmother Jake, and Matthew Yegor at the Holiday Inn. We checked into the Holiday Inn Vinogradovo when we got in to Moscow Thursday morning. Jim found the hotel on the internet on a web site that features Russian hotels. It was an oasis of America on the outskirts of Moscow and was a very welcome sight as we checked into what we thought were going to be out final two nights of our journey. We never thought we would be so glad to see the mundane emerald hues of a Holiday Inn, but we were elated. It's breakfast buffet had potatoes, scrambled eggs and bacon just like us Yanks like to clog our arteries.









Instead of flying home on Saturday, we go to the Russia Hotel in Moscow (at the time, the most rooms of any hotel in the world. Now it has been demolished- to be replaced with something even more huge, fueled by petrodollars.

The day we arrived in Moscow from Perm, Jim had given our agency's Moscow translator Bayarma all the Russian court documents to translate into English for the US Embassy for Matthew's visa, then Lori and Jim took Matthew into the center of Moscow for his physical. Unbeknownst to Bayarma, the US now requires physical custody of the child's passport during visa processing because it adheres a visa in the Russian child's passport directly. Unfortunately, Bayarma the translator did not ask us for his passport on Thursday when we handed over all the adoption and court documents because Nikolai the big cheese facilitator, forgot to mention the new policy to her. So on Friday morning, when we were expecting a confirmation call with our afternoon appointment time to recieve the visa, Nikolai instead had to tell me that they would not process it on Friday without the passport. Moreover, we did not have enought time to run his passport into the city. The web site description of the Holiday Inn *claimed* that it was just minutes from downtown Moscow. Yeah, right- by HELICOPTER maybe.

Nikolai gave Jim number of the Embassy and instructed him to call and beg them to process the visa, excoriate our agency's incompetence, and let us bring the passport in the afternoon to stick the visa in it. When Jim finally got thru to the embassy, the director of the adoption processing program insisted on making it clear to us that Nikolai was briefed of the procedure change by phone and email several days earlier. She explained why their computerized processing would not enable us to bring his passport in that afternoon. To his credit, Nikolai candidly admitted his error and apologized and made some mention of recompense. We were devastated that we would have to wait four days to try again for his VISA over the holiday weekend.

Our bonus stay in the Russia Hotel. Several of you replied with well-intentioned pep emails. We thank you for them. While cannot argue with the logic and arithmetic that four more days relative to the rest of Matthew's life is not a large percentage of time, the dismissive nature of some replies compels us to explain why the screw-up last Friday hit us hard. Consider that when we got that call last Friday, we had already spent nearly three weeks out of the USA in a land where: 1) Few people can understand you* 2) You cannot understand what the people say* 3) The food almost entirely sucks 4) You need to be as wary of the police as you are wary of the street criminal** 5) The weather was almost entirely gray, cold, and rainy 6) You stand out as a target for being robbed even when you keep your mouth shut when out walking 7) You are a mere lost or stolen passport/credit card away from an unspeakably unpleasant predicament. There is *no* margin for error on this point. I do not want to see my passport again for a couple years.

*People say that many Russians speak English, but for most with whom we spoke, even in the hospitality industry, the mastery is skeletal and precludes communication on any abstract point

**Valentine our driver likens the Russian police to just another criminal gang-- one whose shake-downs are sanctioned by the state. He described a Russian saying that the only good Russian policeman is a dead one.

Get the idea? This is why it was not "just another four days" to the three of us. It pushed us beyond the point of adventure into ordeal. You simply had to have been there and been in the same drained mental and physical state we were in. Also, with a 10-month old in tow in frigid rainy conditions, sightseeing opportunities with the additional time in Moscow were limited.

So once we processed the bad news, Jake watched Matthew while Jim and Lori went into Moscow on the hotel's shuttle bus to find the Aeroflot office to get our tickets changed to yesterday. Unfortunately, we had to settle for flying to NY instead of direct to Washington on a wednesday. In order to get to the office, we took the Moscow subway system. With the aid of a system map, some helpful subway travelers, and Jim's crude Russian, we found the place. The Moscow subway system was clean and cheap. While waiting for the shuttle bus for the return, we noticed a couple young men running by on the sidewalk, one of whom had a purse under his arm. I guess someone else had a bad Friday too.

(Additional web chronicle note: At the time, Lori and I were really mad at Nikolai's screw-up extending our already-long second trip. We know in retrospect, however, that in the big picture of Russian adoption, our inconvenience was NOTHING compared to bureaucratic nightmares and outright fraud other adoptive parents have endured. Seasoned veterans of this process would probably describe our experience as smooth as glass. Besides, not collecting the physical passport was an honest mistake, and I'm sure Nikolai has not made it since! Had the error not been made on a Friday, it would have just been a one-day inconvenience. Alas, it occurred on one of the 2-3 Fridays a year prior to a Monday Federal holiday...)


Making the most of Red Square

Valentine our driver found us a closer hotel in town and ferried us there on Saturday. He felt real bad for us, and also took us to a supermarket to get a few more days' worth of baby food. Most kindly, he honored our request to find us a stroller to use for our 18 lb son. The Russia Hotel is massive, has 6000 rooms, and is across from Red Square. The room was decent sized, but the mattress needed to have been taken out an shot like an old horse. It was thin, lumpy, and had us rolling into into each other. The crib they wheeled in was something out of a Charles Dickens novel. Matthew's head was just large enough not to fit thru the wooden bars and choke him.
The first two days, we visited a nearby posh underground mall that had a food court with reasonably priced food (including Sbarro's) and a slick and cheap internet cafe. Jim booked our flight from JFK in NY to Washington there in the cafe. This trip to the mall was sort of the highlight of the day. The last two days we took walks around the periphery of the massive hotel as a family, but Jim went to the mall to fetch dinner.

One evening, while Jim was walking back across Red Square with fried chicken, two thieves tried to entrap him in a con game where one guy dropped a wad of bills as he walked briskly by. As Jim instinctively picked up the money to give back to the man, his confederate collided into Jim and did some "let's split the money 50-50" routine while trying to grope for a wallet. Jim just shoved the plastic bag of money back at sleazebag number 2 and repeatedly rebuffed the man's come-on in Russian and English, and kept on walking. The two men reconvened and moved on looking for another mark. Authentic Moscow sightseeing.




Posing in front of St. Basil's Cathedral













Heading home at last!

Valentine the driver helped us buy our own stroller in Moscow on the way to the airport. Even though he did not make the screw-up, he was our saving grace. Our flight from Moscow to New York saw the "Angel Baby" become the Demon Baby. Matthew just could not sleep except for one 50-minute span in the airport and another 80-minute respite in the middle of the flight. Imagine how pleasant a 10-month old is to be around when he has been awake for 12-20 hours with only two brief naps. At times, he was nearly inconsolable, and several passengers migrated away from us to empty seats at the rear.

Toward the end of the flight, Jim rocked and sang to him while he screamed and wailed in one of the lavatories. At one point, he pooped his diaper so bad it got all over his undergarment, and Lori in a state of dazed fatigue threw several of his clothes away in the lavatory trash! We are not too keen on flying anywhere with him this coming holiday..... When we got thru passport control and immigration at JFK it was a spectacular relief. We were finally on American soil, and our boy became an instant citizen! We flew back to Washington on the new Independence Air, and were impressed with this upstart airline. Matthew, like us, had been up for nearly 24 hours straight, and finally slept a little in Lori's arms.

A couple friends from our Church met us there at Dulles and took us home. We were so delighted and surprised to see and "It's a Boy!" banner outside our front door, left by several of our friends last nite. So we had an unforgettable adventure, and we delight in our great little boy, and we hope he gets even more rest today. We are also grateful to Jake for making the trip with us, even though we had to send her back stateside on schedule and could not have her help during the aviation screamfest. We look forward to being just another American family. No more passports and visas....

Thank you all for your best wishes and prayers! We hope you can all see this little guy sometime soon!


Matthew Yegor Bjork, after coming "home" to America.




All the best,

-Jim and Lori